2SDS #1-6
1. Allotropes are different forms of an element that each have distinctly different physical or chemical properties.
2. Oxygen forms allotropes when it is 02 (oxygen) or 03 (ozone).
3. (a) a diamond is has the highest melting point of all elements. It can be very expensive. It is colorless and glasslike. It is one of the hardest substances known. It does not conduct electricity. A chunk of coal is a black and it has black marks when it is rubbed on paper. It is a good conductor of electricity. Pencil lead is made of graphite. It is a soft black solid. It is conductive. (b) Their properties are different because they each have different structures and have different atomic arrangements. (c) The availability of these items contribute to the cost.
4. Engineered materials are materials with properties designed for certain applications. Natural materials can be hard to find, expensive, and may lack certain important properties.
5. Engineered ceramics are resistant to high temperatures, but are brittle and can fracture if exposed to rapid temperature changes.
6. Plastics can be both soft for water bottles and hard for a glasslike behavior. Plastic can be converted into optical fibers, replacing copper wires and supplying incredible communication.
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